ADME testing is essential in drug development, offering key insights into a compound's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. These factors impact drug efficacy, safety, dosing, and interactions. BOC Sciences utilizes advanced technologies and integrated in vitro and in vivo platforms to deliver accurate, reproducible ADME data. Our rigorous quality control and innovative methods help optimize pharmacokinetics and improve drug development success.
ADME studies involve intricate experimental designs and require specialized platforms, making them technically challenging and time-intensive. The development and validation of reliable cell-based and animal models often introduce variability, causing potential delays in project timelines. Advanced analytical techniques such as LC-MS/MS necessitate skilled operation and maintenance, which can limit accessibility for laboratories lacking experienced personnel. Furthermore, interpreting ADME data demands expertise in pharmacokinetics, bioinformatics, and statistical analysis, which are not always readily available. Resource limitations, including insufficient manpower and complex procedural workflows, may further reduce throughput and overall project efficiency. Overcoming these challenges is critical to ensuring accurate and timely generation of data essential for drug discovery and development.
We utilize a broad range of well-characterized in vitro cell models and in vivo animal systems to comprehensively assess ADME properties, ensuring relevance and reliability.
Our state-of-the-art instrumentation, including LC-MS/MS, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and automated liquid handling systems, guarantees sensitive and accurate quantification of drugs and metabolites.
Tailored experimental protocols are developed to meet specific client objectives, optimizing parameters such as dosing regimens, sampling times, and analytical endpoints.
We provide comprehensive pharmacokinetic modeling, metabolic pathway elucidation, and clear, actionable reports supported by thorough statistical analysis to facilitate informed decision-making.
BOC Sciences conducts thorough evaluations of drug absorption using both in vitro and in vivo models to assess absorption efficiency and permeability. With advanced analytical platforms and technical expertise, we deliver precise, reliable data to support early-stage drug discovery and formulation optimization.
BOC Sciences utilizes established cell-based models such as the Caco-2 monolayer system to simulate human intestinal absorption by measuring compound permeability and calculating the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp). In parallel, MDR1-overexpressing cells are used to determine whether a compound is a substrate or inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), providing insights into efflux mechanisms and potential drug-drug interactions.
Our in vitro permeability platforms include the Franz diffusion cell for assessing drug transport across skin or mucosal membranes under physiological conditions, and the PAMPA system for high-throughput screening of passive diffusion across artificial lipid membranes, offering early prediction of gastrointestinal absorption potential.
We conduct comprehensive oral bioavailability and intestinal perfusion studies using well-established animal models to accurately characterize absorption kinetics and site-specific uptake mechanisms. These studies generate essential pharmacokinetic data that support the optimization of drug formulations and enhance the understanding of drug absorption profiles, ultimately facilitating more effective and targeted therapeutic development.
BOC Sciences offers precision drug distribution testing services, focusing on quantitative analysis of drug distribution across various formulations. Leveraging advanced platforms and expert teams, we deliver high-quality, efficient data to support targeted drug design and mechanistic studies.
BOC Sciences performs ex vivo tissue perfusion experiments by infusing drug compounds into isolated organs such as liver, kidney, and heart to assess tissue uptake and distribution under controlled conditions. Complementary cellular uptake assays using relevant cell models (e.g., hepatocytes, tumor cells) enable detailed evaluation of intracellular drug localization through fluorescent or radiolabeled tracers.
Using equilibrium dialysis or ultrafiltration techniques, we quantitatively determine the extent of drug binding to plasma proteins. This critical parameter informs the free (unbound) drug concentration in circulation, which is essential for understanding pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics during drug development.
Our animal model studies utilize radiolabeled compounds (e.g., [14C], [3H]) combined with detection technologies such as gamma counters and PET imaging to map drug distribution across tissues. Additionally, fluorescently labeled drugs are monitored in real time via advanced fluorescence imaging platforms like IVIS, providing dynamic insights into drug biodistribution and kinetics.
BOC Sciences delivers comprehensive metabolism testing solutions, focusing on metabolic stability, pathway elucidation, and metabolite profiling. Equipped with advanced analytical technologies and expert scientists, we ensure accurate, reproducible data to support drug discovery and development processes.
Our liver microsomal stability assays employ hepatic microsomes containing CYP450 enzyme systems to evaluate the metabolic stability of drug candidates. Using HPLC or LC-MS/MS analytical platforms, we quantitatively monitor the concentration changes of the parent compound and its metabolites over time. Key pharmacokinetic parameters, including the drug's half-life (t1/2) and metabolic rate constant (k), are calculated to inform metabolic clearance and predict in vivo behavior.
Leveraging advanced high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) coupled with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we perform comprehensive identification and structural elucidation of drug metabolites. This integrated approach facilitates the characterization of metabolic pathways, supporting robust safety assessments. Our services also encompass quantitative analysis and structural interpretation of metabolites to evaluate their pharmacological activity and potential toxicity.
We conduct detailed pharmacokinetic and metabolic pathway investigations using established animal models such as rats, mice, and dogs. Single or multiple dosing regimens are applied to monitor drug and metabolite concentrations in plasma, tissues, and excreta, enabling generation of metabolic kinetic profiles. Employing radiolabeled or stable isotope-labeled compounds, we trace and quantify in vivo metabolic routes, providing insight into the relative contributions of various biotransformation pathways essential for comprehensive drug characterization.
BOC Sciences conducts high-quality excretion studies to characterize drug elimination patterns across biological matrices. Supported by cutting-edge analytical platforms and experienced teams, we ensure accurate, timely insights to drive informed decision-making in drug development.
We employ renal tubular cell models, such as MDCK cells, to systematically evaluate drug reabsorption and secretion within the kidney. By measuring drug concentrations on both sides of the cellular monolayer, we calculate key renal transport parameters. These data provide essential insights into renal clearance mechanisms and support the optimization of drug dosing regimens.
Using bile duct cell models and bile duct perfusion techniques, we quantitatively assess drug excretion through the biliary system. Analysis of drug concentration and excretion rate in bile samples enables us to characterize biliary elimination pathways. This information is critical for understanding enterohepatic recycling and potential drug interactions.
BOC Sciences conducts in vivo excretion evaluations using single or repeated dosing in animal models, collecting urine, feces, and bile samples to accurately quantify drug and metabolite elimination. Renal impairment models further support detailed clearance analysis under altered kidney function conditions.
BOC Sciences provides a one-stop, integrated ADME evaluation platform covering in vitro assays and in vivo animal models to deliver complete ADME data packages that support pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic research. We offer customized ADME study designs tailored to client-specific requirements, including experimental planning, sample collection, data analysis, and comprehensive reporting. Our expert team also provides in-depth ADME data interpretation by integrating chemical structure and pharmacological properties, delivering strategic recommendations to optimize drug ADME profiles and facilitate efficient drug development.
In the drug development process, effective ADME testing requires that service providers maintain robust cellular and animal model platforms. BOC Sciences has established a diverse range of validated in vitro and in vivo models to support comprehensive ADME evaluations, ensuring accurate and predictive data for pharmacokinetic and safety assessment .
| Model Type | Examples |
| Caco-2 Cells | Simulate human intestinal absorption; assess transmembrane drug transport |
| TC7 Cells | Alternative to Caco-2 for drug absorption research |
| MDCK Cells | Used for drug permeability studies |
| IEC Cells | Intestinal drug absorption studies |
| HIEC Cells | Drug absorption prediction |
| Blood-Brain Barrier Models | In vitro models using bEnd.3, hCMEC/D3 cells for evaluating drug penetration across the BBB |
| Hepatocyte Models | Drug metabolism research using primary hepatocytes or hiPSC-derived hepatocytes |
| Model Type | Examples |
| Rodent Models | Rats, mice for in vivo ADME studies covering absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion |
| Non-Human Primate Models | Monkeys for in vivo ADME evaluation closer to human physiology |
| Zebrafish Models | Early toxicity screening and ADME research |
BOC Sciences' ADME testing platform is equipped with advanced and specialized instruments dedicated to delivering precise and reliable absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion studies. Our comprehensive platform supports in vitro and in vivo ADME evaluations, ensuring robust pharmacokinetic and safety data generation to meet the rigorous demands of drug development. By integrating cutting-edge technologies and automated systems, we guarantee high-throughput, accurate analysis, and seamless data quality throughout the entire drug discovery process.
Engage closely with clients to comprehensively understand their drug development goals, compound characteristics, and specific ADME testing needs. This ensures the study design addresses critical pharmacokinetic parameters such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion profiles relevant to the compound's intended use.
Develop a tailored ADME testing strategy by selecting appropriate in vitro and/or in vivo models, assay systems, and analytical methods. Define experimental parameters including dosing regimens, sampling time points, and target endpoints to generate meaningful pharmacokinetic and metabolic data.
Establish and validate relevant cellular models (e.g., hepatocyte metabolism) and animal models (e.g., rodent pharmacokinetics, non-human primate studies). Ensure model systems are standardized, biologically relevant, and optimized for consistent, reproducible results.
Conduct systematic ADME assays covering absorption kinetics, distribution profiling, metabolic stability, enzyme activity assays (e.g., CYP450), and excretion measurements. Utilize advanced analytical platforms such as LC-MS/MS and high-resolution mass spectrometry to monitor parent compounds and metabolites.
Aggregate quantitative data from all experimental systems and perform thorough pharmacokinetic and metabolic analyses. Calculate key parameters including bioavailability, clearance, half-life, metabolic rate constants, and excretion rates. Apply statistical and modeling tools to interpret results and predict in vivo behavior.
Deliver a detailed, client-specific report summarizing experimental methods, data analysis, pharmacokinetic parameters, and metabolic insights. Provide actionable recommendations to guide compound optimization and support decision-making in drug development pipelines.
ADME refers to the comprehensive processes of Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion that determine a drug's fate in the body. Pharmacokinetics (PK) focuses specifically on the quantitative measurement and modeling of these processes to understand drug concentration changes over time.
ADME testing provides essential data on how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated, which helps predict efficacy, safety, dosing regimens, and potential drug interactions, ultimately reducing late-stage failures.
ADME testing employs a range of in vitro cellular models like Caco-2 for absorption and hepatocytes for metabolism, as well as in vivo animal models such as rodents and non-human primates for systemic pharmacokinetic evaluation.
By assessing the impact of compounds on metabolic enzymes (e.g., CYP450) and transporters, ADME testing predicts potential interactions that may alter drug clearance or increase toxicity, enabling safer combination therapies.
