Pharmacology, pharmacokinetics (PK), and safety testing form the cornerstone of preclinical drug development, delivering crucial data on efficacy, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicological profiles of drug candidates. These comprehensive evaluations enable informed decision-making to optimize therapeutic potential while minimizing adverse effects. BOC Sciences integrates advanced technologies with deep scientific expertise to provide an extensive portfolio of pharmacology, PK, and safety testing services. Our state-of-the-art platforms and rigorously validated models ensure robust, reproducible results across multiple therapeutic areas. Committed to innovation and stringent quality assurance, BOC Sciences is your reliable partner to accelerate the development of safe and effective pharmaceutical products.
Despite its critical importance, pharmacology, PK, and safety testing face persistent challenges that can hinder research progress. Establishing reliable in vitro and in vivo models demands significant technical skill and time investment, often accompanied by reproducibility issues and elevated costs. Sophisticated instrumentation and specialized expertise are prerequisites for many assays, creating technical barriers for many laboratories. Furthermore, interpreting multifaceted datasets requires interdisciplinary knowledge spanning bioinformatics, biostatistics, and systems pharmacology, which may be limited within research teams. High-throughput screening efforts face manpower shortages and compressed timelines that challenge experimental consistency. Internal procedural complexities, including extended reviews and documentation requirements, also contribute to delays and operational inefficiencies.
We offer an extensive range of well-characterized cellular and animal models tailored to diverse therapeutic areas, facilitating comprehensive pharmacological, PK, and toxicological evaluations.
BOC Sciences utilizes cutting-edge laboratory equipment operated by experienced specialists who ensure optimal assay performance and reliable data quality.
All experiments are conducted under strict SOPs and quality control measures to ensure reproducibility, accuracy, and reliability of results.
We provide thorough statistical analysis coupled with intuitive visualization, empowering clients to derive actionable insights from complex experimental data.
BOC Sciences delivers an integrated suite of preclinical pharmacology services tailored to advance early-stage drug discovery across a wide range of therapeutic areas. Utilizing state-of-the-art in vitro and in vivo platforms, we generate high-quality data to evaluate compound efficacy, elucidate mechanisms of action, and characterize pharmacodynamic properties. Our cross-functional expertise in cell biology, biochemistry, and animal modeling ensures a comprehensive pharmacological assessment to support lead identification and optimization efforts.
BOC Sciences provides specialized antiviral protease inhibitor screening services to support the discovery and evaluation of therapeutic agents targeting viral replication. Our in vitro platforms employ biochemical assays such as FRET-based enzyme kinetics, substrate cleavage profiling, and high-throughput screening formats to assess the potency and selectivity of compounds against key viral proteases (e.g., HIV-1 protease, HCV NS3/4A). These services enable rapid lead identification and mechanism-based optimization of antiviral candidates.
Our cardiovascular pharmacology services offer a comprehensive framework for assessing drug effects on cardiovascular function and disease pathways. BOC Sciences supports both in vitro (e.g., ion channel activity, receptor binding, endothelial response assays) and in vivo (e.g., blood pressure regulation, myocardial ischemia models) evaluations. These services are critical for preclinical investigation of antihypertensive agents, antiarrhythmics, vasodilators, and lipid-lowering therapies, providing robust data on pharmacodynamic activity and therapeutic potential.
BOC Sciences offers tailored testing services for fatty acid synthase (FASN) inhibitors, with a focus on metabolic disorder and oncology drug development. Our assay systems include enzyme activity inhibition studies, cellular lipid metabolism analysis, and target engagement verification using biochemical and cell-based approaches. Through these evaluations, we provide detailed insights into compound efficacy, selectivity, and mechanism of action, supporting early-stage screening and lead refinement.
We deliver in-depth pharmacological testing solutions for immunosuppressive compounds aimed at modulating immune response pathways. BOC Sciences utilizes both in vitro models (e.g., T-cell proliferation, cytokine release assays, NF-κB pathway analysis) and in vivo immune challenge models to assess immunomodulatory activity. These services are instrumental in the development of therapeutic agents for autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection, and inflammatory disorders.
BOC Sciences provides a full suite of targeted kinase inhibitor screening services, enabling precise assessment of compound activity against disease-relevant kinases. Our capabilities include enzyme inhibition assays, cellular phosphorylation profiling, and structure–activity relationship (SAR) support across oncology, inflammation, and metabolic pathways. By combining high-throughput screening technologies with pathway-specific validation, we accelerate the identification and optimization of potent, selective kinase inhibitors.
BOC Sciences offers comprehensive neuropharmacological testing services to support the development of therapeutics targeting central and peripheral nervous system disorders. Our capabilities include in vitro assays for neurotransmitter receptor binding, ion channel modulation, and neurotoxicity profiling, as well as in vivo models of neurodegenerative diseases, pain, epilepsy, and psychiatric conditions. These services provide actionable data for evaluating compound efficacy, neurobehavioral impact, and pharmacodynamic characteristics across a broad spectrum of neurological indications.
BOC Sciences offers a full spectrum of pharmacokinetic research services designed to support drug discovery and development programs across diverse therapeutic areas. Utilizing cutting-edge in vitro and in vivo platforms, we deliver precise and reproducible data on absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties, as well as in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles. Our integrated approach combines biochemical, cellular, and animal models to comprehensively characterize compound disposition, informing lead optimization and preclinical candidate selection.
BOC Sciences provides comprehensive in vitro ADME assessment services to evaluate key pharmacokinetic parameters such as metabolic stability, cytochrome P450 enzyme inhibition and induction, plasma protein binding, and permeability (e.g., Caco-2, PAMPA assays). Leveraging advanced analytical techniques including LC-MS/MS and high-throughput screening, our platform generates critical data that predict in vivo drug behavior, support drug–drug interaction risk assessment, and guide medicinal chemistry optimization efforts.
BOC Sciences offers specialized metabolite analysis and identification services to support the comprehensive evaluation of drug metabolism and biotransformation pathways. Utilizing state-of-the-art analytical technologies such as high-resolution LC-MS/MS and tandem mass spectrometry, we detect, characterize, and quantify drug metabolites in biological matrices. Our expertise includes structural elucidation of metabolites, identification of potential reactive or toxic species, and profiling of metabolic pathways. These services provide essential insights for safety assessment and lead compound optimization during drug development.
BOC Sciences offers comprehensive pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation services to support in-depth analysis of drug disposition and optimize therapeutic regimens. Our expertise includes non-compartmental analysis (NCA) for model-independent calculation of key PK parameters, as well as compartmental analysis (CA) to mechanistically characterize drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination processes. We also provide integrated PK-PD modeling to elucidate the quantitative relationship between drug concentration and pharmacological effect.
BOC Sciences delivers a broad spectrum of toxicology testing services to support the safety evaluation of drug candidates across multiple organ systems and toxicity endpoints. Utilizing cutting-edge in vitro and in vivo models, combined with advanced analytical methodologies, we provide robust, reproducible toxicological data to support informed risk assessment and decision-making. Our integrated approach ensures thorough characterization of compound safety profiles throughout preclinical development.
BOC Sciences conducts acute toxicity studies to evaluate the immediate adverse effects of test compounds following single or short-term exposure. Using established animal models and standardized protocols, we determine lethal doses (LD50), observable signs of toxicity, and pathological changes to assess potential hazards and establish safe starting doses for further studies.
Our renal toxicity testing services focus on detecting drug-induced nephrotoxicity through functional assays, biomarker analysis, and histopathological evaluation in relevant in vivo and in vitro models. These assessments provide critical insights into compound effects on kidney function, structure, and potential mechanisms of renal injury.
BOC Sciences offers comprehensive liver toxicity evaluation, including assessments of hepatocellular injury, cholestasis, and fibrosis using in vitro hepatocyte models and in vivo animal studies. Advanced biomarker analysis and histopathology complement biochemical assays to characterize hepatotoxic potential and support mechanistic understanding.
We provide chronic toxicity testing services involving prolonged compound exposure in animal models to evaluate long-term safety profiles. These studies assess cumulative toxic effects on multiple organ systems, monitor key pathology parameters, and include detailed histopathological examination to support risk-benefit analysis.
Our reproductive toxicity assessments evaluate potential adverse effects on fertility, embryonic development, and postnatal growth through specialized in vitro assays and multigenerational animal studies. These evaluations are essential for understanding compound impact on reproductive health and developmental toxicity risks.
BOC Sciences performs neurotoxicity testing to identify drug-induced adverse effects on the nervous system, employing in vitro neuronal culture models and in vivo behavioral and histological assessments. These studies elucidate neurotoxic mechanisms and contribute to comprehensive neuro-safety profiling.
BOC Sciences has developed a robust in vitro and in vivo model platform tailored to support comprehensive preclinical pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology testing. Our standardized protocols and expert technical teams enable accurate evaluation of drug candidates across various therapeutic areas, from mechanism elucidation to safety assessment, ensuring reliable and reproducible data to accelerate drug development.
| Model Type | Description |
| Cellular Models | Broad spectrum of cell lines including tumor cells (lung, breast, liver, colorectal, prostate), primary hepatocytes, immune cells (macrophages, T cells), and specialized cells such as cardiomyocytes and neural cells. These models support evaluation of drug efficacy, cytotoxicity, immune modulation, and mechanism of action studies. |
| Enzyme Activity Assays | Highly sensitive in vitro enzyme inhibition or activation assays using purified enzymes or enzyme complexes to elucidate drug-target interactions and metabolic enzyme profiling. |
| Receptor Binding Assays | Radioligand and fluorescence-based binding assays to characterize drug affinity and selectivity for various receptor subtypes, supporting mechanism elucidation and SAR studies. |
| Transporter and Permeability Models | Caco-2, MDCK, and PAMPA assays to assess drug absorption, efflux, and transport properties, critical for oral bioavailability prediction and ADME profiling. |
| Metabolic Stability & Biotransformation | Utilizing human and animal liver microsomes, hepatocytes, and S9 fractions to assess metabolic clearance, identify metabolites, and predict drug-drug interaction potential. |
| Toxicology Screening | Comprehensive cytotoxicity, genotoxicity (Ames test, micronucleus, chromosomal aberration assays), and mechanistic toxicity assays to evaluate safety profiles early in drug development. |
| Model Type | Description |
| Disease Animal Models | Validated models in rodents and higher species including murine models of cancer (subcutaneous, orthotopic), inflammatory diseases (arthritis, colitis), cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, myocardial infarction), metabolic disorders (diabetes, obesity), and neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's). |
| Pharmacodynamic (PD) Models | Quantitative assessment of dose-response, time course, and efficacy endpoints to characterize therapeutic effects and support lead optimization in relevant disease contexts. |
| Pharmacokinetic (PK) Models | Single and multiple-dose PK studies in small and large animals (mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, non-human primates) including bioavailability, tissue distribution, metabolism, and excretion profiling using validated LC-MS/MS methods. |
| Acute and Chronic Toxicity Models | Short-term and long-term dosing regimens to evaluate toxicological profiles including organ toxicity, behavioral changes, and histopathological assessments to define safety margins. |
| Specialized Toxicity Models | Reproductive toxicity (fertility, embryotoxicity), neurotoxicity (behavioral and neuropathological endpoints), and immunotoxicity models to investigate adverse effects on critical physiological systems. |
BOC Sciences is equipped with a comprehensive suite of state-of-the-art instruments designed to support high-quality pharmacological evaluation, pharmacokinetic analysis, and safety (toxicology) testing. Our well-integrated technology platform ensures precise, reliable, and reproducible data generation throughout all stages of drug development, from in vitro mechanistic studies to in vivo efficacy and toxicity assessment.
Thoroughly understand client's pharmacology, PK, and safety goals, compound properties, and therapeutic areas to align testing strategies with development needs.
Develop tailored experimental plans selecting appropriate in vitro/in vivo models, PK protocols, and toxicity endpoints, defining dose ranges, sampling times, and controls.
Establish and validate cell lines, primary cells, and animal models using advanced technologies such as LC-MS/MS and flow cytometry to ensure reliability.
Conduct pharmacology, PK, and toxicity studies, measuring dose-response, key PK parameters, and acute/chronic toxicity under standardized conditions.
Collect and statistically analyze data to interpret pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology, supporting SAR and PK-PD modeling.
Deliver detailed reports including key data, methodologies, and optimization recommendations to support decision-making and lead selection.
Safety pharmacology in preclinical studies focuses on identifying how a drug may affect vital physiological functions such as cardiovascular, respiratory, and central nervous systems. These studies help assess potential risks before human trials and support informed decision-making in early drug development.
The four stages of pharmacokinetics are absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Together, they describe how a drug enters the body, moves through tissues, is chemically transformed, and ultimately eliminated.
PK properties refer to the measurable behaviors of a drug in the body, including how fast and how much is absorbed, how widely it distributes, how quickly it is metabolized, and how efficiently it is cleared. These characteristics influence dosage and therapeutic effectiveness.
